Konfiguracja Postfix-a w Debianie

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Postfix jest powszechnie stosowanym serwerem poczty, dokładnie mówiąc MTA (Mail Transfer Agent). W tym artykule opisujemy jak zainstalować Postfiks w Debianie Lenny 5.0. W przykładzie wykorzystujemy serwer testowy (lists.wefi.net).

Instalacja pakietów

Instalacja Postfix-a z wiersza poleceń może zostać rozpoczęta następująco:

apt-get install postfix

Debian wyświetla następująco informację, że usunięty zostanie Exim i pyta czy chcesz kontynuować instalację:

lists:~# apt-get install postfix
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  procmail postfix-mysql postfix-pgsql postfix-ldap postfix-pcre sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules
  resolvconf postfix-cdb ufw
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  postfix
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 4 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1224kB of archives.
After this operation, 1008kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://http.at.debian.org lenny/main postfix 2.5.5-1.1 [1224kB]
Fetched 1224kB in 0s (6060kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...

Konfiguracja pakietu

Postfix Configuration: General type of mail configuration

W pierwszym etapie konfiguracji wybieramy w tym przykładzie Internet Site. Zależnie od indywidualnych potrzeb należy tutaj wybrać odpowiednią pozycję.

Package configuration
         ┌───────────────────────────┤ Postfix Configuration ├───────────────────────────┐
         │ Please select the mail server configuration type that best meets your needs.  │ 
         │                                                                               │ 
         │  No configuration:                                                            │ 
         │   Should be chosen to leave the current configuration unchanged.              │ 
         │  Internet site:                                                               │ 
         │   Mail is sent and received directly using SMTP.                              │ 
         │  Internet with smarthost:                                                     │ 
         │   Mail is received directly using SMTP or by running a utility such           │ 
         │   as fetchmail. Outgoing mail is sent using a smarthost.                      │ 
         │  Satellite system:                                                            │ 
         │   All mail is sent to another machine, called a 'smarthost', for delivery.    │ 
         │  Local only:                                                                  │ 
         │   The only delivered mail is the mail for local users. There is no network.   │ 
         │                                                                               │ 
         │ General type of mail configuration:                                           │ 
         │                                                                               │ 
         │                            No configuration                                   │ 
         │                            Internet Site                                      │ 
         │                            Internet with smarthost                            │ 
         │                            Satellite system                                   │ 
         │                            Local only                                         │ 
         │                                                                               │ 
         │                                                                               │ 
         │                     <Ok>                         <Cancel>                     │ 
         │                                                                               │ 
         └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 
Postfix Configuration: System mail name

W drugim etapie podajemy nazwę serwera pocztowego. Nazwa serwera w przykładzie to lists.wefi.net (adres mailowy to np. mailingliste@lists.wefi.net):

Package configuration

  ┌──────────────────────────────────┤ Postfix Configuration ├───────────────────────────────────┐
  │ The "mail name" is the domain name used to "qualify" _ALL_ mail addresses without a domain   │ 
  │ name. This includes mail to and from <root>: please do not make your machine send out mail   │ 
  │ from root@example.org unless root@example.org has told you to.                               │ 
  │                                                                                              │ 
  │ This name will also be used by other programs. It should be the single, fully qualified      │ 
  │ domain name (FQDN).                                                                          │ 
  │                                                                                              │ 
  │ Thus, if a mail address on the local host is foo@example.org, the correct value for this     │ 
  │ option would be example.org.                                                                 │ 
  │                                                                                              │ 
  │ System mail name:                                                                            │ 
  │                                                                                              │ 
  │ lists.wefi.net______________________________________________________________________________ │ 
  │                                                                                              │ 
  │                          <Ok>                              <Cancel>                          │ 
  │                                                                                              │ 
  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ 

Zakończenie instalacji

(Reading database ... 21540 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing exim4 ...
dpkg: exim4-config: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you request:
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.30) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is to be removed.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed.
 exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.30) | exim4-config-2; however:
  Package exim4-config is to be removed.
  Package exim4-config-2 is not installed.
  Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed.
Removing exim4-config ...
dpkg: exim4-daemon-light: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you request:
 bsd-mailx depends on exim4 | mail-transport-agent; however:
  Package exim4 is not installed.
  Package mail-transport-agent is not installed.
  Package exim4-daemon-light which provides mail-transport-agent is to be removed.
Removing exim4-daemon-light ...
Stopping MTA: exim4_listener.
Removing exim4-base ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Selecting previously deselected package postfix.
(Reading database ... 21404 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking postfix (from .../postfix_2.5.5-1.1_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up postfix (2.5.5-1.1) ...
Adding group `postfix' (GID 108) ...
Done.
Adding system user `postfix' (UID 104) ...
Adding new user `postfix' (UID 104) with group `postfix' ...
Not creating home directory `/var/spool/postfix'.
Creating /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf
Adding tcp map entry to /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf
Adding group `postdrop' (GID 109) ...
Done.
setting myhostname: lists.wefi.net
setting alias maps
setting alias database
changing /etc/mailname to lists.wefi.net
setting myorigin
setting destinations: lists.wefi.net, localhost.wefi.net, , localhost
setting relayhost: 
setting mynetworks: 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
setting mailbox_size_limit: 0
setting recipient_delimiter: +
setting inet_interfaces: all
WARNING: /etc/aliases exists, but does not have a root alias.

Postfix is now set up with a default configuration.  If you need to make 
changes, edit
/etc/postfix/main.cf (and others) as needed.  To view Postfix configuration
values, see postconf(1).

After modifying main.cf, be sure to run '/etc/init.d/postfix reload'.

Running newaliases
Stopping Postfix Mail Transport Agent: postfix.
Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent: postfix.
lists:~# 

Kontrola odbioru maili

Kontrolujemy telnetem czy odbiór funkcjonuje (jak jest to opisane w artykule Kontrola dostępu do portu TCP 25 (SMTP) przy pomocy telnetu):

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ telnet lists.wefi.net 25
Trying 80.66.32.103...
Connected to lists.wefi.net.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 lists.wefi.net ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)
EHLO test.example.com
250-lists.wefi.net
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
MAIL FROM: test@example.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
RCPT TO: postmaster@lists.wefi.net
250 2.1.5 Ok
DATA
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject: Testnachricht

Das ist ein Test.

.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 87D2CDE40A2
QUIT
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
user@ubuntu:~$ 

Została dostarczona następująca wiadomość:

lists:~# mail
Mail version 8.1.2 01/15/2001.  Type ? for help.
"/var/mail/root": 1 message 1 new
>N  1 test@example.com  Tue Jun  1 10:00   16/545   Testnachricht
& 1
Message 1:
From test@example.com  Tue Jun  1 10:00:49 2010
X-Original-To: postmaster@lists.wefi.net
Subject: Testnachricht
Date: Tue,  1 Jun 2010 10:00:08 +0200 (CEST)
From: test@example.com
To: undisclosed-recipients:;

Das ist ein Test.


& q
Saved 1 message in /root/mbox
lists:~# 

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