Postfix unter Debian einrichten
Postfix ist ein weit verbreiteter Mailserver, genauer gesagt ein MTA (Mail Transfer Agent). In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir wie Sie Postfix unter Debian Lenny 5.0 installieren. Im Beispiel verwenden wir einen Testserver (lists.wefi.net). Ersetzen Sie diesen Namen mit dem Namen Ihres Servers.
Paket installieren
Auf der Kommandozeile starten Sie die Postfix-Installation so:
apt-get install postfix
Debian gibt darauf einen Hinweis, dass Exim entfernt wird und fragt, ob Sie mit der Installation fortfahren möchten:
lists:~# apt-get install postfix Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: procmail postfix-mysql postfix-pgsql postfix-ldap postfix-pcre sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules resolvconf postfix-cdb ufw The following packages will be REMOVED: exim4 exim4-base exim4-config exim4-daemon-light The following NEW packages will be installed: postfix 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 4 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1224kB of archives. After this operation, 1008kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Get:1 http://http.at.debian.org lenny/main postfix 2.5.5-1.1 [1224kB] Fetched 1224kB in 0s (6060kB/s) Preconfiguring packages ...
Paket Konfiguration
Im ersten Konfigurationsschritt wählen wir in diesem Beispiel Internet Site. Je nach Ihren individuellen Anforderungen wählen Sie hier den entsprechenden Eintrag.
Package configuration ┌───────────────────────────┤ Postfix Configuration ├───────────────────────────┐ │ Please select the mail server configuration type that best meets your needs. │ │ │ │ No configuration: │ │ Should be chosen to leave the current configuration unchanged. │ │ Internet site: │ │ Mail is sent and received directly using SMTP. │ │ Internet with smarthost: │ │ Mail is received directly using SMTP or by running a utility such │ │ as fetchmail. Outgoing mail is sent using a smarthost. │ │ Satellite system: │ │ All mail is sent to another machine, called a 'smarthost', for delivery. │ │ Local only: │ │ The only delivered mail is the mail for local users. There is no network. │ │ │ │ General type of mail configuration: │ │ │ │ No configuration │ │ Internet Site │ │ Internet with smarthost │ │ Satellite system │ │ Local only │ │ │ │ │ │ <Ok> <Cancel> │ │ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Im zweiten Schritt geben wir den Mail Namen des Servers an. Da es sich beim Beispiel um einen Mailinglisten-Server handelt, steht hier lists.wefi.net (die Emailadressen lautet dann z.B. mailingliste@lists.wefi.net):
Package configuration ┌──────────────────────────────────┤ Postfix Configuration ├───────────────────────────────────┐ │ The "mail name" is the domain name used to "qualify" _ALL_ mail addresses without a domain │ │ name. This includes mail to and from <root>: please do not make your machine send out mail │ │ from root@example.org unless root@example.org has told you to. │ │ │ │ This name will also be used by other programs. It should be the single, fully qualified │ │ domain name (FQDN). │ │ │ │ Thus, if a mail address on the local host is foo@example.org, the correct value for this │ │ option would be example.org. │ │ │ │ System mail name: │ │ │ │ lists.wefi.net______________________________________________________________________________ │ │ │ │ <Ok> <Cancel> │ │ │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Abschluss der Installation
(Reading database ... 21540 files and directories currently installed.) Removing exim4 ... dpkg: exim4-config: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you request: exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.30) | exim4-config-2; however: Package exim4-config is to be removed. Package exim4-config-2 is not installed. Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed. exim4-base depends on exim4-config (>= 4.30) | exim4-config-2; however: Package exim4-config is to be removed. Package exim4-config-2 is not installed. Package exim4-config which provides exim4-config-2 is to be removed. Removing exim4-config ... dpkg: exim4-daemon-light: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you request: bsd-mailx depends on exim4 | mail-transport-agent; however: Package exim4 is not installed. Package mail-transport-agent is not installed. Package exim4-daemon-light which provides mail-transport-agent is to be removed. Removing exim4-daemon-light ... Stopping MTA: exim4_listener. Removing exim4-base ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Selecting previously deselected package postfix. (Reading database ... 21404 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking postfix (from .../postfix_2.5.5-1.1_i386.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up postfix (2.5.5-1.1) ... Adding group `postfix' (GID 108) ... Done. Adding system user `postfix' (UID 104) ... Adding new user `postfix' (UID 104) with group `postfix' ... Not creating home directory `/var/spool/postfix'. Creating /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf Adding tcp map entry to /etc/postfix/dynamicmaps.cf Adding group `postdrop' (GID 109) ... Done. setting myhostname: lists.wefi.net setting alias maps setting alias database changing /etc/mailname to lists.wefi.net setting myorigin setting destinations: lists.wefi.net, localhost.wefi.net, , localhost setting relayhost: setting mynetworks: 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 setting mailbox_size_limit: 0 setting recipient_delimiter: + setting inet_interfaces: all WARNING: /etc/aliases exists, but does not have a root alias. Postfix is now set up with a default configuration. If you need to make changes, edit /etc/postfix/main.cf (and others) as needed. To view Postfix configuration values, see postconf(1). After modifying main.cf, be sure to run '/etc/init.d/postfix reload'. Running newaliases Stopping Postfix Mail Transport Agent: postfix. Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent: postfix. lists:~#
Überprüfung der Mailzustellung
Ob die Mailzustellung nun funktioniert, überprüfen wir mit telnet (wie in TCP Port 25 (smtp) Zugriff mit telnet überprüfen beschrieben):
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ telnet lists.wefi.net 25 Trying 80.66.32.103... Connected to lists.wefi.net. Escape character is '^]'. 220 lists.wefi.net ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU) EHLO test.example.com 250-lists.wefi.net 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN MAIL FROM: test@example.com 250 2.1.0 Ok RCPT TO: postmaster@lists.wefi.net 250 2.1.5 Ok DATA 354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> Subject: Testnachricht Das ist ein Test. . 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 87D2CDE40A2 QUIT 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. user@ubuntu:~$
Am Server ist diese Nachricht nun zugestellt:
lists:~# mail Mail version 8.1.2 01/15/2001. Type ? for help. "/var/mail/root": 1 message 1 new >N 1 test@example.com Tue Jun 1 10:00 16/545 Testnachricht & 1 Message 1: From test@example.com Tue Jun 1 10:00:49 2010 X-Original-To: postmaster@lists.wefi.net Subject: Testnachricht Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2010 10:00:08 +0200 (CEST) From: test@example.com To: undisclosed-recipients:; Das ist ein Test. & q Saved 1 message in /root/mbox lists:~#
Weitere Informationen
Autor: Werner Fischer Werner Fischer arbeitet im Product Management Team von Thomas-Krenn. Er evaluiert dabei neueste Technologien und teilt sein Wissen in Fachartikeln, bei Konferenzen und im Thomas-Krenn Wiki. Bereits 2005 - ein Jahr nach seinem Abschluss des Studiums zu Computer- und Mediensicherheit an der FH Hagenberg - heuerte er beim bayerischen Server-Hersteller an. Als Öffi-Fan nutzt er gerne Bus & Bahn und genießt seinen morgendlichen Spaziergang ins Büro.
|